בית המקדש · Beit HaMikdach

Heikhal

Aliyah (the Upper Floor)

עֲלִיָּה

Aliyah

See it in the tour

The upper floor of the building: forty amot of clear height above the Heikhal and the Kodesh HaKodashim, separated from the ground floor by five amot of flooring. This is not an attic — it is a room one enters: its door opens to the south, at the end of the Messiba, and two cedar poles are planted there to climb onto its roof. A line of markers replays on the floor the separation below between the Holy Place and the Holy of Holies, and hatches cut into the floor open onto the Kodesh HaKodashim: workers were lowered through them in closed crates, so that they would not feast their eyes on the Holy of Holies.

Dimensions

  • 40 amot high, from 51 to 91 above the pavement of the Azara
  • five amot of flooring: one ama of kiyour, two of beit dilfa left empty (according to the Rambam), one ama of tikra, one ama of maaziva
  • the same five amot above, then the Ma'ake (3) and the Kaleh Orev (1)
  • door to the south, at the end of the Messiba
  • two cedar poles at this door, for the roof

Sources

  • Middot 4:6“וְגֹבַהּ שֶׁל עֲלִיָּה אַרְבָּעִים אַמָּה”
  • Middot 4:5“וְלוּלִין הָיוּ פְתוּחִין בָּעֲלִיָּה לְבֵית קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים”
  • Rambam Beit HaBe'hira 4:3“וַעֲלִיָּה בְּנוּיָה עַל גַּבָּיו גֹּבַהּ כְּתָלֶיהָ אַרְבָּעִים אַמָּה”
  • Bartenura on Middot 4:6“הַקּוֹרוֹת הָעֶלְיוֹנוֹת… הָיָה עָבְיָן שְׁתֵּי אַמּוֹת, וְהֵן קְרוּיִין בֵּית דִּלְפָה”
  • Rashi on II Chronicles 3:4“מִקַּרְקָעִית הַבַּיִת עַד קֵרוּי עֲלִיָּה רִאשׁוֹנָה שְׁלֹשִׁים אַמּוֹת, וּמֵעֲלִיָּה לַעֲלִיָּה עַד גַּג הָעֶלְיוֹן תִּשְׁעִים אַמּוֹת”
  • Radak sur Divrei HaYamim II 3:4“והקרוב אצלי כי האולם לבדו היה לו זה הגבה, ובו היו העליות”

Project decisionAdopted: the upper floor is above the Heikhal and the Kodesh HaKodashim, where Middot 4:5 describes it and where Rashi puts the upper stories of the First Temple (on II Chronicles 3:4). Set aside: Radak's reading (ibid.), which places them in the Ulam, while noting that the Sages also put upper stories above the Heikhal; above the Ulam, the tour leaves the building solid. Adopted: the empty beit dilfa of the Rambam (Beit HaBechirah 4:3), “פָּנוּי שֶׁיִּכָּנֵס בּוֹ הַדֶּלֶף”. Set aside: Bartenura (Middot 4:6), for whom these are the upper beams, two amot thick. Tour's choice: two hatches of two amot on the axis — no source gives their number or position.